Stick Welding – SMAW (Shielded Metal Arc welding)

Stick welding, also known as shielded metal arc welding (SMAW), is a welding process that uses a consumable electrode, made of a metal alloy, to create an electric arc between the electrode and the workpiece. The heat generated by the arc melts the electrode and the workpiece, fusing them to create a strong bond. The electrode is coated with a flux that helps to protect the weld from contamination and provides a shielding gas to protect the weld from the atmosphere. The slag that forms on the weld must be chipped off after the weld has cooled down.

Stick welding is a versatile process used to weld various metals, including steel, aluminium, and stainless steel, and is commonly used in construction, repair, and maintenance work.

• Prepare the joint: Use proper joint preparation to ensure good fit-up and penetration.
• Clean the workpiece:  Clean the metal surface before welding to remove any dirt, oil, or other contaminants. You should also ensure the electrode is clean before starting the welding process.
• Use the right electrode: Use the correct type and size of electrode for the metal you are welding.
• Use the right shielding gas, if needed; some electrodes don’t require a shielding gas.
• Set the right amperage: Adjust the amperage to match the thickness and type of material you are welding.
• Keep a steady hand: Keep your hand steady and maintain a consistent speed and distance from the workpiece to produce a consistent, high-quality weld. Maintain a steady pace and consistent arc length.
• Use the right electrode angle: Hold the electrode at the correct angle to ensure proper penetration and fusion of the weld. In most cases, you keep the electrode at a 90-degree angle to the workpiece.
• Use proper technique: Practice proper technique and proper body positioning to reduce fatigue and improve the quality of your welds. Proper welding techniques will ensure good penetration and minimal spatter. Keep the arc in the “cone” area of the puddle to ensure good penetration and fusion.
• Use the drag or pull method for the electrode, depending on the welding position and the thickness of the material.
• Use a chipping hammer and wire brush to remove slag between passes.
• Use appropriate PPE: Always wear appropriate personal protective equipment, including a welding helmet, gloves and appropriate clothing, to protect yourself from the heat, light and flying debris.

Remember, Stick welding requires proper technique, it’s important to use the correct settings and equipment, and use the appropriate safety precautions to achieve the best results.